Von Versus Aus - Expressing Where You Are From

Whatever language you may be learning, trying to explain where you are from or where you have been can be very frustrating and is often stated incorrectly in the beginning stages of your language learning. That is because expressing where you are from takes the accurate knowledge of preposition usage and that can differ greatly from your native tongue. For German learners, you have the added disadvantage that prepositions can sound similar between German and English (von/from, zu/to) and you instinctively associate the same patterns and meaning in both languages. Mastering this German grammar hurdle  is really just a matter of retraining your brain and, most importantly, to stop comparing it to English grammar (if your native tongue is English). The Differences Between Aus and Von Aus means ‘out of’ Ein Neugeborenes kommt aus dem Mutterleib. - A newborn comes out of the mother’s womb. Aus explains your roots Ich komme aus Spanien. - I come from Spain. Or that you are moving physically ‘out of’ a place Wann kommt sie aus dem Bad? - When are done your bath? Von means ‘from’ Es ist nicht sehr weit von hier bis zum Bahnhof. - It is not too far from here  to the train station. Or when you want to explain the starting point of a physical motion Wann kommst du von der Arbeit zurà ¼ck? - When are getting back from work? Wir kommen gerade vom Spielplatz. - We are returning from the playground. As you can see, the problem, for English native speakers especially,  is that there is usually only one general translation for both of these German pronouns, namely ‘from’. What you need to do is always keep these literal core German meanings at the forefront, while being aware of the following when wanting to express where you are from or have come from: To explain that you are from a certain city or country, be it either you grew up there or were born there, you use aus: Ich komme aus Deutschland. When you want to explain that you have traveled from a certain city or country geographically, you will also use aus, however, you need to add more explanation to convey the correct context: Ich komme aus gerade aus Italien, wo ich meine Familie besucht habe. In English, you have the verbs to distinguish which meaning you are relating (‘am from’ versus come from), in German, it is the context of the sentence that will reveal the meaning. Having said all that, we need to throw a wrench in your learning: Colloquially, Germans will also use von to state where a person has traveled from geographically. Ich komme von Italien. Even so, all of the German grammar books state that the correct pronoun for the above usage is aus. Remember, the von/aus dilemma is confusing for Germans too! Now that you have grumbled over this double standard, boost your morale with this grammatical tidbit: Both pronouns use the dative! That knowledge in itself is a cause for celebration, knowing that you have one less decision to make in your German phrasing. (German grammar can be kind at times.) Here is a good rule of thumb to help you determine whether to use aus or von: The preposition aus is used, when you can answer a wo  (where) question with in. Die Fische kommen aus dem Meer. Where are the fish? / Wo sind die Fische?In the ocean / I m Meer. In other words, the fish are not physically coming out of the ocean. This sentence states where they are from. The preposition von is used when you can answer a wo (where) question with either an, auf, bei, or zu Das Mà ¤dchen kommt gerade von ihrer Oma. Where was the girl? Wo war das Mà ¤dchen?Sie war bei ihrer Oma. Note: Notice that the word gerade was placed before von ihrer in the above sentence. This adverb  strengthens the phrasal context that the girl was actually physically coming from her grandmother’s. You will often see an adverb or another word that helps define the action in a von sentence: Heidi kommt aus den Bergen.Heidi kommt vom Berg runter. It’s no secret that prepositions are hard in German. Because of their different nuances in meaning, the most important words are actually the words around the prepositions that form the context. Keep this in mind as you learn their subtle differences and remember to not think in your native tongue.

Essay on Guns, Testosterone, and Aggression Article Review

Guns, Testosterone, and Aggression Article Review Echo Royal Psych 210 D1 The focus of this particular research paper was to prove or disprove the theory that testosterone levels would rise based on the presence of a toy gun. The independent variable consisted of a pellet gun identical to a Desert Eagle handgun for the experimental subjects and the Mouse Trap children’s game for the control subjects. The dependent variable was the amount of hot sauce each test subject placed into individual cups for the next test subjects. The population studied for this research were 30 male college students willing to provide saliva samples. The procedures that were followed were simplistic. Each of the men provided†¦show more content†¦Were these subjects compensated to participate? It does not touch on real hard-core aggression or violence. The procedure was low budget but adequate for the simplicity of this specific research. The saliva test is a very accurate test for testosterone levels. The other way to check levels is to draw blood and that can be expensive and time consuming. If given adequate funds to perform research in this area, I would like to expand upon this research. I would use more of the population, older and younger men. I would pull from prisoners and those known to have aggression, anger issues and those known not to have issues. I would expand the independent variables to include using violent and non-violent video games, watching violent and non-violent movie clips, handling machine guns, unloaded of course, a baseball bat or maybe a machete. Some un-inhibiting items such as a stuffed animal, a Bible, or interacting with a child with a game. The saliva tests before and after the interactions are adequate and reliable. I would have the subjects also undergo a baseline blood pressure and heart rate check before and repeat that after the interaction. Also, answer a few questions before and after and perform a physical aggression test to determine their aggression levels. I think it would be beneficial to test these men alone as well as in a group with other men and then with a woman as well,Show MoreRelatedThelma and Louise Essay examples1021 Words   |  5 PagesThelma and Louise Thelma and Louise dramatises the ongoing battle of the sexes, or rather, womens struggle against men in a patriarchal society. This was the only reason for its success. Write a review of the film in which you comment on this statement. The feminist film Thelma and Louise was produced in 1991. This production was directed by Ridley Scott and the screenplay was written by Callie Khouri. It starred various actresses and actors. In the main rolesRead MoreGender Inequality between Males and Females in India1371 Words   |  5 Pagesclassification also demanded that she behave in a certain way, in ways befitting her gender. 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Efficient and Secure Dynamic Protocol †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Efficient and Secure Dynamic Protocol. Answer: Introduction: The modern business world has some of the ethical factors that need to be considered while taking the decisions of the business (Eilifsen et al. 2013). The relevant outcomes of the decision of the business will have a severe impact on the different stakeholders. There is a scope for several ethical decision making models. One of the most prominent models is that which the American Accounting Association introduces. This AAA is an organization that is considered an excellent support in the Accounting educational, practice and research system worldwide. A voluntary organizational system that comprises of the different accounting experts is required to work towards the growth of the accounting research and education (Hayes, Wallage and Gortemaker 2014). The ethical decision making model of the AAA has been initially written by Rockness and Langerder in 1990 that consists of the logical step processes in order to make an ethical decision making system. The ethics in the code is considere d to play a decision making model. The CPA and the CAANZ in Australia has a specific code of ethics that acts as a public interest (DeFond and Zhang 2014). The ethical code consists of the five different elements that require an auditor that needs to be complied to. These are: Objectivity Integrity Professional Behavior Confidentiality Professional competence and due care There is a need to determine the facts that is the first step of the AAA. From the beginning of the process, there is a need for the various essentials that requires gathering of the different information, which has no ambiguity of any other issues that can be considered under it. It is evident in case of the Morgan fertilizers that the Jacqui is one of the senior auditors of the team that requires the notifications from the Morgan fertilizers that has changed its contractors to the Dumparound Ltd for the waste management purposes. The allegation of the Dumparound has a comparatively high level of the toxic waste at one of its major site that requires investigation by the local council. The second step involves the identification and the scrutinizing the various facts that is related to the ethical issues. The issues regarding the ethical consideration is that the fertilizers in the Morgan organization has developed a change that is beneficial to the contractors of the Dumparound Ltd in the various purposes related to the waste management. The Dumparound Ltd is all about the different investigations that are required by the local council for the inappropriate dumping of the toxic waste. The Dumparound Ltd is considered to be disposing at a high level of the different toxic wastes in the environment that requires consideration as a typical ethical issue (Wang, Li and Li 2015). Identification of the major principles, values and the rules The code of the professionalism ethics requires a comparative step that will be helpful. The principle is comprised of the various objectives that require the statement of the different members that are not supposed to be comprised in the business and the professional judgement area as it is bias of the various areas of the interests conflict and also to un due some of the influences by others (Simunic, Ye and Zhang 2017). There is a requirement to make a member terminate the several duties that can be found in the circumstances that comprises of the biasesness or the unduly influences of the different professional decision of the members. In addition to these factors, the various principles of the integrity helps in the implication that all the members are considered to be straightforward and honest in almost all the business relationships. There is a requirement for the integrity to also include in the various fair dealings as well as the truthfulness. There is a need for all the two alternatives so that these things that needs to be taken into consideration. The first one is to make a continuation of the audit system in the various financial statements so that it cannot be concerned in to the contracts between the Morgan fertilizers and the Dumparound Ltd. The second and the last option is to make the audit into the financial statements that can be well informed about the different Morgan fertilizers that is also about the Dumparound Ltd and the unethical operations of the business. They are also under the investigation of the local council. Comparing alternatives and values This is the best course of the action that consists of the different norms, principles and the values that is required in order to inform the Morgan fertilizers about the Dumparound that has a terrific bad reputation about the local council. There is also a requirement to avoid the contracts that they will not pay a heed to the different heavy fines for the irresponsible dumping of the different toxic waste management that may not harm the environment. This can be considered as the only option that will not help to comprise on the objectivity and the integrity of the Jacqui that is an integral part of the professional codes of the ethics (Furnham and Gunter 2015)). If in any case the first option was implemented, that includes the bad history of the Dumparound Ltd that will eventually be unnoticed to the contracts with the Morgan fertilizers and the Dumparound Ltd (Cannon and Bedard 2016). In any case, afterwards it is seen that a high probability can be found of the different Dumparound Ltd that may be accused of the various irresponsible toxic wastes that has a dumping as well will pay a heavy lot of fine to the local council. The reputation of the Morgan fertilizers that has been affected will eventually affects that will possibly lead in a state of the financial loss statement for them. with an addition to it, there is a requirement for the auditors and the relationship of the client to weaken nad make the Morgan fertilizers blame the MYH (Gaynor et al. 2015). They would eventually blame them for not informing them before hand and before the signing of the contracts. There is a need to lead with a negative impact to the MYH and with their r eputation as well (Arens et al. 2016). Make your decision There is a need to seek the duty of the different auditors to comply the principles and the various values. The second option is to make the best for their implementation. The Morgan fertilizers needs to be informed around the Dumparound that has an unethical operation of the business and make a contract that needs to be cancelled (Abernathy et al. 2014). There is a need to set a few sets of the accounts tthat is solely for the purpose of the client so that the auditor own its own client and their duty care in every tort and possible term of the contract. There is a requirement of the different possibility of the parties so that there is a need to reply on the various audited accounts. The major topic that needs to be discussed in the various financial and the auditors world that ownes itself as an auditor that may be whether there is a need to own the care duty in any party of the client (Zadek, Evans and Pruzan 2013). There is a requirement for the three tests that will help in the case whether the auditor is liable or not in case of the third party. There is a need to apply for the three different tests: Early test: special relationship Reasonable foreseeability Current proximity There is a need to make the duty owned by the third party of the auditors that needs to show the accounts level that will make the client go a long way in order to make provocations of the different actions (Knechel and Salterio 2016). In the Hedley Byrne and the Co Ltd v Heller partners Ltd (1964), that is considered as a firm for advertising the different agents. It can be seen that the House of the Lords that is regarded as the one who upholds the judgment of the Denning Lj in Candler v Crane, Christmas Co (Zadek, Evans and Pruzan, 2013). There is a need to examine the various aspects of the report that is meant to be introduced by the help of the third party (Yang and Jia 2013). The fidelity is considered as a not performing part. There is a need to judge the stated purpose of the various publishing accounts that is required to inform the various investors to make the performance of the company from the outside investors like the Caparo relationship of which the Dickman is not liable (Gaynor et al. 2014). This is considered as a duty that helps in owning the various specifications that can be used as a third party to make them the auditor that is not aware of the different considerations that needs to be in a group of people (Jia 2016). The reason to make that Macfarlane no liable to the Scott group is the knowledge of the auditors that needs to be taken over by the John Duthie Holdings. There is no scope of the legal duty that can be owed by the auditors to the Scott Group. There is a need to make the case of the Scott Group vs. Macfarlanecan that needs to be applied in case of the Oasis that must be bought against the MYH. The Scott group has the assets of the Company that has been considered overstated by the NZ $38,000. The Scott group has failed the case of the auditors in order to win the case. Therefore, there is a need to make a negligence case against the MYH (Hayes, Wallage and Gortemaker 2012). Reference Abernathy, J.L., Hackenbrack, K., Joe, J.R., Pevzner, M. and Wu, Y.J., 2014. Comments of the Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Staff Consultation Paper Auditing Accounting Estimates and Fair Value Measurements. Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J., Beasley, M.S. and Hogan, C.E., 2016. Auditing and assurance services. Pearson. Cannon, N. and Bedard, J.C., 2016. Auditing challenging fair value measurements: Evidence from the field. The Accounting Review. DeFond, M. and Zhang, J., 2014. A review of archival auditing research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2), pp.275-326. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013. Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Furnham, A. and Gunter, B., 2015. Corporate Assessment (Routledge Revivals): Auditing a Company's Personality. Routledge. Gaynor, G., Janvrin, D.J., Pittman, M., Pevzner, M. and White, L., 2015. Comments of the Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on IESBA Consultation Paper Improving the Structure of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. Gaynor, L.M., Hackenbrack, K., Lisic, L. and Wu, Y.J., 2014. The Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association is pleased to provide comments on the PCAOB Rulemaking Docket Matter No. 029; PCAOB Release No. 2031-009: Proposed Rule on Improving the Transparency of Audit: Proposed Amendments to PCAOB Auditing Standards to Provide Disclosure in the Auditors Report of Certain Participants in the Audit. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014. Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Jia, X., 2016. Auditing the auditor: secure delegation of auditing operation over cloud storage. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, https://eprint. iacr. org/2011/304. pdf. Accessed 10 Aug. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016. Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor Francis. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2015. Auditing assurance services. McGraw-Hill Education. Simunic, D.A., Ye, M. and Zhang, P., 2017. The joint effects of multiple legal system characteristics on auditing standards and auditor behavior. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(1), pp.7-38. Wang, B., Li, B. and Li, H., 2015. Panda: Public auditing for shared data with efficient user revocation in the cloud. IEEE Transactions on services computing, 8(1), pp.92-106. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016. Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education. Yang, K. and Jia, X., 2013. An efficient and secure dynamic auditing protocol for data storage in cloud computing. IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems, 24(9), pp.1717-1726. Zadek, S., Evans, R. and Pruzan, P., 2013. Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge.